2009-02-17

Google Chrome comic - Chrome設計的背景

Google 也出漫畫了哦: Google Chrome Comic

Google委託了Scott McCloud這個畫家,透過與20多位google engineers的interview

用漫畫的方式,呈現出 chrome發展的背景以及重要的設計

若即早報名今年的Google I/O活動,主辦單位會送你一本hard copy 哦 :)

以下是我從這本漫畫看到的一些重點:

* 因Web application日漸普及,Browser也變成一執行application的重要平台,有重新發展以因應需求的需要

* 有別已往整個browser在OS看來是single process的設計
chrome 是採 multi-process 的架構,即一個 browser tab 為一單一的process
整個browser不會因為單一tab crash掉,而整個browser都垮掉

* 採用 WEBKIT opensource rendering engine (與 Safari相同)
提升頁面處理效率

* garbage collection 更有效率
過往single-process model, 在關閉單一Tab時仍可能有部分resource沒被釋放掉,
由於 memory fragementation的關係,在另開新tab時 因為剩餘的address space不夠
仍需再allocate新的address space供該process使用,久而久之就算把tab關掉 也無法解決
browser佔用大量resource導致系統變慢的可能
筆者不論在 IE/Firefox 都真的有這樣的經驗,最終 只能把整個 browser關掉、重啟來解決
Chrome 的 multi-process的model 每個 tab 都是獨立 process 在關閉tab時 resource是完全釋放的

* 每個Chrome Tab 所花用的 cpu/memory 都可透過其 chrome task manager來檢視其資源使用狀況,更容易找出來執行效果不佳的web site為何

* 透過大量的設備及page rank資料,進行涵蓋面廣且抓到重點web site的自動測試
以確保chrome的品質

* 採 V8 javascript virtual machine 提升 java script 處理效率
V8為 位於丹麥的google 團隊發展,並有 opensource 供它人使用

* V8對javascript 的處理,採用 dynamic code generation的技術,將java script compile為
machine code執行,更快、更有效率
(有別一般 interpret式的 java script engine, 每次要執行 javascript時 都要重新interpret一次)
另,有別過往javascript virtual machine 對 garbage collection 採的 conservative garbage collection機制,因java script都被v8 轉成machine code了,故可對memory使用有精確的常握,
故可採用 precise & incremental 式的garbage collection, 讓記憶體的回收更有效

* OMNIBox 做為 URL 的輸入列,但又不同於過往的URL Bar
除提供url auto-completion功能外,亦會依user的瀏覽歷史 做出類似搜尋+字詞提示的功能
假設,今日我瀏覽過一個汽車網站,我也許只要在 OMNIBox內打上 C.. 就會出現該網站的URL..

* NEW Tab的處理
不同於browser的home or 空白頁設定
Ghrome依 user 在 OMNIBox的輸入及瀏覽歷史,在 new tab 內會呈現出
最常光顧的站台 & 搜尋供user直接點選

* 提供privacy mode(無痕模式)
即,提供一個readonly 的瀏覽環境,google 會在該chrome tab(process)關閉後清除所有資料
(包含 cookie, brows history....)

* 針對 malware / phishing site 的處理
- SANDBOX設計 讓browser被攻陷的機會降低
- 持續自動更新惡意網列表

* Google Gears (Opensource)
為一Browser extention的API,可擴充 browser能力(含 chrome)
以提供更進階的 web application所需
當然,google 也想讓這個東西 變成一個標準
那麼,未來的 web app 與傳統跑在os上的app 的距離會日漸縮小

* Google Lives on the Internet --- google 也希望透過 OpenSource 的無私精神
釋出上述多項技術的opensource 供研究發展 讓 Web 的應用能快速進步

--
以上~ 儘量寫囉 應該也是有不少寫錯的東西啦 :Q

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